HB412 Alabama 2025 Session

Summary

Primary Sponsor

Shane StringerRepresentative

Republican

Session

2025 Regular Session

Title

Crimes and offenses, unauthorized entry of a critical infrastructure facility and criminal tampering in the first degree further provided for

Summary

HB412 tightens penalties for unauthorized entry into critical and criminal infrastructure facilities, broadens what counts as unauthorized entry, and strengthens first-degree criminal tampering, with expanded definitions and a late effective date.

What This Bill Does

It makes unauthorized entry into a criminal infrastructure facility a Class D felony. It also increases penalties for injuring, removing, destroying, or interfering with critical infrastructure during such an entry to a Class B felony (and adds related provisions for interference in any manner, including attempts). It expands what actions count as unauthorized entry to include using fraudulent documents, remaining on the premises after being forbidden, and entering restricted areas, and it provides a detailed definition of what constitutes critical infrastructure and critical infrastructure facilities. It tightens criminal tampering in the first degree to cover intentional substantial interruption or impairment of public utility service with no right, and adds a clause about threatening utility workers with a deadly weapon while performing duties.

Who It Affects

• Individuals who attempt or commit unauthorized entry into critical or criminal infrastructure facilities (including those who use fraudulent IDs, stay on site after being told to leave, or enter restricted areas) and the penalties they would face
• Utilities and their workers, operators, and contractors who maintain or operate critical infrastructure, who could be subject to the new tampering rules and the broader definitions of infrastructure

Key Provisions

• Unauthorized entry into a criminal infrastructure facility becomes a Class D felony; unauthorized entry into a critical infrastructure facility with related acts can be a Class B felony, and certain actions (such as injuries or interference) during the crime are labeled as Class C or B depending on the act
• Expands prohibited acts during unauthorized entry to include using fraudulent documents, remaining on the premises after forbidden, and entering restricted areas; adds a provision for unauthorized entry involving unmanned aircraft systems with weapons to be Class C felony
• Criminal tampering in the first degree is broadened to include intentional substantial interruption or impairment of a public utility service when there is no right to do so, and adds a provision about threatening utility workers with a deadly weapon while performing duties
• Definitions for CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY, and CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROPERTY are provided with a detailed list of facility types (energy, water, transportation, communications, etc.)
• Effective date: October 1, 2025

AI-generated summary using openai/gpt-5-nano on Feb 22, 2026. May contain errors — refer to the official bill text for accuracy.

Subjects

Crimes & Offenses